Our landslide and paleoseismology teams quickly took to the skies to spot landslides in the Kaikouras and Southern Alps. occlusions, blockages, buffered), and method of mapping and source of the data, along with the person who digitised and attributed the landslide (Table 1). Although the direct threat of debris flood hazards from rapid dam breaching is reducing, the longer-term effects of sediment aggradation as landslide debris moves downstream from the steeper in-land slopes to the sea is another ’cascading’ hazard that could pose a risk to agriculture, aquaculture and infrastructure. This ensures any subsequent work to understand and mitigate future hazards and risks from landslides has a good empirical evidence base. The National Search and Rescue Agency’s chief, Bagus Puruhito, said rescuers from the cities of Palu, Makassar, Balikpapan and Jakarta were being deployed to help in Mamuju and Majene. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 50 (2), pp. Feedback to website@nzgs.org, Landslides caused by the 14 November 2016 Kaikoura earthquake, South Island, New Zealand, NZGS International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering. The largest has an approximate volume of 23(±2) M m3 and at least some of the debris from this travelled about 2.7 km down slope where it formed a dam blocking the Hapuku River. 10th International Workshop on Statistical Seismology, 20 – 24 February 2017, Wellington, New Zealand. The area affected by landslides is sparsely populated, only a few dwellings were impacted and there were no recorded deaths due to landslides. In addition to discrete landslides, linear slope deformation indicators (i.e. The quake was centered 36 kilometers (22 miles) south of West Sulawesi province’s Mamuju district, at a depth of 18 kilometers (11 miles), the U.S. Geological Survey said. a Wellington Fault earthquake. Thousands of displaced people were evacuated to temporary shelters. Table 1: Landslide source area attribute table. “We are racing against time to rescue them,” he said. The affected region is mountainous with steep slopes and the earthquake resulted in a large number of landslides, including creating some landslide dams (a topic we have The post The Kaikoura Earthquake Landslides … Imagery date: 15 November 2016. sediment has remained on the slope); Coupled (at least some of the sediment has entered a drainage line (including active floodplain, but. In one area, the uplift was a remarkable 5.5 meters (18 feet). The active fault ruptures caused by the earthquake are shown as black lines. From the University of Washington, Seattle, USA: J Wartman. A high-quality landslide inventory will provide a basis for understanding the longer-term impacts of this earthquakes as sediment is washed from slopes and through fluvial systems where bridges and flood protection schemes are at risk of being overwhelmed. Rescuers struggled to extract seven patients and staff who were trapped under tons of rubble. For each landslide source area polygon, as much information as possible is entered into the attribute table (Table 1). The same images have been processed by EAGLE Technology and these have better relief stretch but poor positional accuracy. The 14 November 2016 M w 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake generated more than 10,000 landslides over a total area of about 10, 000 km 2 ⁠, with the majority concentrated in a smaller area of about 3600 km 2 ⁠.The largest landslide triggered by the earthquake had an approximate volume of 20 (± 2) M m 3 ⁠, with a runout distance … Landslides caused major disruption with all road and rail links with Kaikoura being severed. The area affected by landslides is relatively remote with few people living there, and so only a few homes were impacted by landslides; there were no recorded deaths due to landslides. It was placed in an orange body bag and taken away for burial. These are potential sites of water ingress during later rainstorm events that may destabilize the slope. Given the sparsely populated area affected by landslides, only a few homes were impacted and no deaths from landslides occurred. (2014), correlate to these materials, where reactivated, rock planar and rotational slides tend to be the dominant landslide type in the Neogene sedimentary rocks, and first time rock and debris avalanches with strong structural geological controls, were the dominant landslide type in the basement materials. A noticeable feature of this earthquake is the number of valley blocking landslides it generated, which was partly due to the steep slopes and confined valleys in the area, and to the widely distributed strong ground shaking. non-plastic silt, sand, gravel and boulders), peat, ice, undifferentiated. A strong, shallow earthquake shook Indonesia's Sulawesi island just after midnight Friday, toppling homes and buildings, triggering landslides and killing a number of people. “I can’t save my dear sister ... forgive me, sister, forgive us, God!”. New Zealand Geomechanics News 62: 31-35. some combination of these methods]), specify the confidence of the mapping by either ‘High’ or ‘Low’. Extent of landslide debris. McSaveney MJ, Massey CI, Dellow GD 2010 Landslide response and monitoring: The New Zealand GeoNet experience. A unique number for each digitiser’s working copy of the database. The other work-stream focussed on landslide dams (landslides blocking rivers and streams and impounding bodies of water) and became an evolving process: from a search task, to a rapid assessment of hazard and examining high hazard dams for consequent risks, and then undertaking more detailed work to survey the most dangerous dams so the consequences of a very rapid (catastrophic) failure could be modelled and used by authorities to monitor and manage the risks. The coastal town of Kaikoura has been completely cut off from the rest of the country by landslides, prompting a mass evacuation that began Tuesday. These photographs (many thousands) have been captured by the landslide reconnaissance team and others post-earthquake, mainly from helicopters. Dellow S. et al (2017) Landslides caused by the Mw7.8 Kaikoura earthquake and the immediate response. Two people died in the earthquake. This landslide is a long (2.7 km) rock avalanche with a volume of about 10-14 million … Compiling landslide inventories from events that generate thousands to tens of thousands of landslides has evolved over the last sixteen years. Kaikoura Earthquake. Abstract: The MW7.8 14 November 2016 Kaikoura earthquake generated more than 10000 landslides over a total area of about 10000 km2, with the majority concentrated in a smaller area of about 3600 km2. See below a selection of photos. ; Townsend, D.; Johnston, M.R. Orcas (Dolphins) Can and Do Kill Killer whale (orca) kills trainer at SeaWorld amusement park in Orlando, Florida A female trainer was killed by a 6.5 ton killer whale (orca) at SeaWorld's Shamu Stadium in Orlando, Florida, police and local media reported. Rock, clay, mud, coarse clastic (e.g. ; Wang, T.; Harte, D.S. A horde of escaped crayfish (koura) was a side effect of Monday's massive 7.8 magnitude shake, according to Ward resident Kerry Snell. During the Kaikoura earthquake at least 23 faults ruptured to the ground … GNS Science miscellaneous series 101. Volume 11. The largest landslides triggered by the earthquake are located on or adjacent to faults that ruptured to the ground surface and are distributed across a broad area of intense ground shaking rather than clustered around the earthquake epicentre, and their locations appear to have a strong structural geological control (Rattenbury et al., 2006). 106-116. The most visible consequence of the strong ground shaking was widespread landslides. Pre- and post-earthquake orthorectified aerial photographs (captured by Aerial Surveys Limited and commissioned by LINZ), 0.3 m resolution. The agency said in a statement that eight people were killed and 637 others were injured in Mamuju's neighboring district of Majene. (compilers) 2006: Geology of the Kaikoura area: scale 1:250,000 geological map. A powerful Indian Ocean quake and tsunami in 2004 killed 230,000 people in a dozen countries, most of them in Indonesia. Orcas perform at Shamu Stadium at SeaWorld in Orlando, Florida. Landslide crown: A point at the top of the landslide crown/headscarp (highest point). The most intense landslide damage was concentrated in 3500 km2 around the areas of fault rupture. Imagery date: 25 November 2016; GeoEye (GE) 2 m resolution. Another noticeable aspect of this event is the large number of landslides that occurred on the steep coastal cliffs between Ward, in southern Marlborough, and Oaro, north of Christchurch (Figure 2). : GNS Science. He said the projects would build on work farmers were already doing to nurture their enbironment, and provide jobs. used to digitize the landslide, and confidence in the mapping. Copyright 2021 The Associated Press. And of course this work would not have been possible without the skill and dedication of the helicopter pilots from Precision Helicopters; Christchurch Helicopters; and Advanced Flight Ltd. Dellow G.D. 2001 GeoNet landslide response. 70 p. + 1 folded map. There are drop down lists for landslide type information (material type and movement style/mechanism), which are based on the Hungr et al. All rights reserved. These factors are then combined with topographic slope angle and geologic information to generate event-based statistical or deterministic models used to explain the distribution of landslide frequency and area or volume. From the Elixis Group Ltd., Athens, Greece: J Manousakis. 17 June 1929 M7.8 Murchison earthquake; Hancox et al., 2002). This is not the geology or description of the origin of the material, but rather related to the material properties and their genesis (origin) which influence the failure and runout behavior. Post-earthquake digital elevation models derived from airborne LiDAR. (eds) Geologically active: delegate papers 11th Congress of the International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment, Auckland, Aotearoa, 5-10 September 2010. For the debris trail polygon feature class, and the crown and debris toe points, only the SourceID is used to link to the landslide source area. Other images showed a severed bridge and damaged and flattened houses. ; Pinches, G.M. Rattenbury, M.S. Capturing the landslide data is an ongoing process as new information becomes available (e.g. Figure 1: An example of landslide inventory mapping on the coast north of Kaikoura. More than 200 significant valley-blocking landslides triggered by this event have been mapped. The earthquake damaged part of a hospital and patients were moved to an emergency tent outside. This data will be especially useful for those similar-sized slopes in Wellington, where much of the city is formed in similar materials (greywacke sandstones and argillite) to those forming the slopes in the, albeit more mountainous, Kaikoura region. Credit: Mark Mitchell, Pool, Getty Images. The lesser-known Hundalee Fault also terminates near the Kaikoura coast, and although it is not as large as other faults in the area, it still has the potential to trigger a submarine landslide event. Hancox, G.T. To ensure a consistent methodology for capturing landslide information, several feature classes in an ArcGIS geodatabase have been set up, with fields containing drop down (restricted) lists for capturing the key landslide information. What we know so far The now-named Kaikoura Earthquake triggered up to 100,000 landslides in Northern Canterbury and southern Marlborough. Landslides were set off in three locations and blocked a main road connecting Mamuju to the Majene district, said Raditya Jati, the disaster agency’s spokesperson. Families still isolated a MONTH after New Zealand earthquake as landslide blocks most direct road into their town - and face a 460km drive … Our buildings are designed to a high specification and suffered no structural damage – New Zealand’s building codes are among the … p. 443-450 (paper 053) IN: Williams, A.L. A consequence of the strong ground shaking was widespread landslides. Satellite imagery including: WorldView- 2 (WV2) 2.4 m resolution (multispectral bands). After scientists have mapped their respective areas, the data is collated and sent to various parties. The challenge is record critical information, especially on location and size, as accurately as possible using the best available source data. A landslide inventory is being compiled to capture the spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the Kaikoura earthquake, to provide information for recovery activities and to provide a high quality dataset for future research. Debris Toe: A point at the distal end of debris tail (lowest down slope point). If you need help with the Public File, call 407-291-6000. If only one major material type, just leave this field as ‘Null’. The main material type that failed. The largest landslides triggered by the earthquake are located either on or adjacent to faults that ruptured to the ground surface. 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